Trade and Biodiversity Conservation, Report of the IV BioTrade Congress

Biodiversity Conservation York Geneva, 2017 AT UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2017/2 © 2017, United Nations work open access complying Creative Commons licence created intergovernmental organizations, http://creativecommons.org/ licenses//3.0/igo/. findings, interpretations conclusions expressed authors necessarily reflect views United Nations officials Member States. designation employed presentation material map work imply expression opinion whatsoever part United Nations legal status country, territory, city area authorities, delimitation frontiers boundaries. Photocopies reproductions excerpts allowed proper credits. publication edited externally. United Nations publication issued United Nations Conference Trade Development. 1 2 FOREWORD . 4 IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS: TRADE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION II. 8 20 YEARS OF BIOTRADE: CONNECTING PEOPLE, THE PLANET AND MARKETS III. 10 BUILDING LONG-STANDING PARTNERSHIPS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IV. 12 USING TRADE AND ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING POLICY TO MAINSTREAM BIODIVERSITY . 16 INNOVATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FINANCING FOR BIODIVERSITY VI. 20 BIOTRADE BUSINESS ROUNDTABLE: INNOVATION AND ETHICAL SOURCING FOR PEOPLE AND BIODIVERSITY VII. 24 CONCLUDING REMARKS 28 ANNEX 1: UNCTAD’ BIOTRADE INITIATIVE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 32 ANNEX 2: CBD COP 13 OUTCOMES 33 ACRONYMS BIO TRADE CONGRESS 1 TRADE AND BIO DIVERSITY CO NSERVATIO 3 DECEM BER 2016 – CANCUN, EXICO Working world. BioTrade Initiative, UNCTAD Ph ot cr ed : © ot ol ia : ek ze r0 07 . Printed United Nations, Geneva – GE-XX-XXXXXX () – Jan 2016 – XXX – UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/2 Biodiversity Trade: Promoting Sustainable Business Engagement congratulate Parties Executive Secretary CBD historic achievement annals multilateral environmental agreements. major, , positive implications genetic resource flows, trade biodiversity-based products related & activities. strengthen conservation biodiversity, sustainable ensure equitable access sharing benefits communities companies. Nagoya Protocol clear, transparent, practical legal framework sharing benefits commercial activities derived accessing biological resources related traditional knowledge users providers resources. , Protocol key instrument broader package legislative policy tools foster sustainable development eradicate poverty. operationalization Protocol ramifications realm biological diversity. present, multilateralism facing challenges fronts, entry force Nagoya Protocol landmark. demonstrates enduring multilateralism countries overcoming differences advancing common goals. UNCTAD welcomes Protocol’ operationalization continuing collaboration Parties CBD secretariat implementation, including BioTrade Initiative intellectual property-related work. Mukhisa Kituyi Secretary-General UNCTAD Biodiversity Trade: Promoting Sustainable Business Engagement Biodiversity: Life Green Economy Biodiversity Climate Change: Integrating REDD+ BioTrade Strategies Integrating REDD+ BioTrade Strategies AT PREVIOUS CONGRESSES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV BioTrade Congress platform BioTrade biodiversity stakeholders governments, private sector civil society share experiences lessons learned trade incentive conserve sustainably biodiversity promoting benefit sharing schemes. Congress opportunity discuss emerging issues key trends developing enabling policy environment enhance develop competitive biodiversity-based sectors businesses. report IV BioTrade Congress, Trade Biodiversity Conservation summarizes discussions, issues recommendations arising Congress. prepared Lorena Jaramillo, Lalen Lleander David Vivas Eugui (UNCTAD Secretariat), Neiva Rosa Maria Durleva (UNCTAD consultants), supervision Lucas Assunçã, Head Trade, Environment, Climate Change Sustainable Development Branch, UNCTAD Secretariat. Contributors publication Maria Julia Oliva (UEBT), Gunter Viteri (independent consultant), éronique Rossow (PhytoTrade Africa) Vanessa Ingar (MINAM). Jean Martial Ntemde (UNCTAD) supported preparation publication. publication edited Vivien Stone typeset Sarah Thompson. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges continuing support Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs SECO BioTrade Initiative organization IV BioTrade Congress publication BioTrade Facilitation Programme III (BTFP III). UNCTAD speakers Congress sharing experiences, lessons learned valuable knowledge interface biodiversity conservation, sustainable trade BioTrade. Guillermo Valles Director Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities (DITC) 2 GUILLERMO VALLES Director, Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities (DITC), United Nations Conference Trade Development (UNCTAD) idea, BioTrade evolved reality 5 million people sustainably managing millions hectares 20 countries Asia, Africa Latin America. €4.3 billion turnover – significant increase €35.34 million (US$ 40 million1) 2003 – generated BioTrade beneficiaries variety sectors, including personal care, food, phytopharma, fashion, ornamental flora fauna, sustainable tourism forest-carbon credits. BioTrade Initiative, developed expanded innovative collaborations stakeholders ensure effective implementation BioTrade. promoted sustainable sourcing trade biodiversity-based products services, facilitating access products markets, generating income, improving livelihoods ecosystems, increasing trade enhancing awareness biodiversity. biodiversity-based businesses flourish, stakeholders create enabling policy framework sustainably trade biodiversity- based products services, strengthen technical financial capacities chain actors. Access markets essential seizing growing demand biodiversity-friendly products services, times companies face regulatory challenges. , European Union (EU) Foods Regulation affected market access baobab fruit powder, considered “ food”, consumed significantly EU prior 1997. PhytoTrade Africa, UNCTAD partners launched application process obtain market approval baobab fruit powder. process lasted years cost €250 000–350 000. Today, factories operating countries southern Africa sustainably harvesting processing baobab -added products satisfy demand growing 30 cent year year. hope “baobab” experiences coming years. UNCTAD facilitated progress . required continued trust active engagement BioTrade partners practitioners believed trade positive incentive emphasizing importance conservation biodiversity enhancing local livelihoods economic growth countries. promising future biodiversity practitioners estimated 19 cent annual growth rate goods services BioTrade potential foreseen 2020. represents 4 cent world trade (equivalent US$ 290 billion). 3 moving , implementation Aichi Targets, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), addressing environmental risks loss species ecosystems climate change, enable UNCTAD stakeholders sustainably develop sectors generate livelihoods trade products services derived biodiversity. IV BioTrade Congress, “Trade Biodiversity Conservation” organized support Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs SECO. fourth congress special commemorated 20 years BioTrade Initiative, launched UNCTAD 1996. initiative UNCTAD’ response Agenda 21 supports objectives biodiversity-related multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), notably Convention Biological Diversity (CBD) Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora (CITES). conceived pioneer approach link sustainable trade investment biodiversity engine economic growth developing countries. “Mainstreaming biodiversity”, theme 13th session Conference Parties CBD, emphasizes importance working raise awareness contribution biodiversity human - global economy. halting biodiversity loss, inaction option, 60 cent world’ ecosystems degraded unsustainably. Initiatives BioTrade contribute fighting biodiversity loss. conclusion, UNCTAD express deep appreciation gratitude CBD CITES secretariats BioTrade partners, ministries environment Colombia, Peru Viet Nam, Development Bank Latin America (CAF), Union Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) PhytoTrade Africa long- standing collaboration UNCTAD. behalf UNCTAD, specifically Government Switzerland, Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs SECO, continued support UNCTAD’ BioTrade Initiative; , finally, offer experts valuable contribution participants IV BioTrade Congress. 1 average exchange rate US dollar euro US$ 0.883 €1.00 (http://www.canadianforex.ca/forex-tools/historical- rate-tools/yearly-average-rates). © TO LI : ER AR BI TT ER 4 Biodiversity – variety living organisms plants animals, genes, ecosystems ecological processes – basis life. Biological resources ecosystem services play essential role addressing basic people providing inputs industrial activities. Biodiversity trade interlinked. Development Bank Latin America (CAF) estimated 4 cent international trade based biodiversity-based products services. variety industries biodiversity; instance, sourcing ingredients transformed - added products traded nature- socially conscious consumers. Biodiversity source innovation products traded based active ingredient serves inspiration packaging, marketing product design. Trade support economic growth development recognized action areas Addis Ababa Action Agenda, 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Trade policies support promote biodiversity conservation sustainable , tackle -exploitation, reform subsidies harmful biodiversity. , accessing markets, developing countries’ small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) challenge due regulatory, standards certification requirements needed. Adding complexity, marketplace policy landscape changing resulting implementation Nagoya Protocol, Aichi Targets, SDGs international agreements. 14th session United Nations Conference Trade Development (UNCTAD 14), held July 2016, Nairobi, Kenya, UNCTAD Member States adopted Nairobi Maafikiano (consensus). reaffirms role UNCTAD “ promote sustainable trade biodiversity products services strengthen sustainability biodiversity foster sustainable growth, close cooperation relevant agencies ”. role reflected CBD Nagoya Protocol COP decisions, highlight importance trade enabler mainstreaming biodiversity. UNCTAD’ BioTrade Initiative partners building business case decades trade positive incentive enhance importance biodiversity economic growth developing countries, endowed rich natural resources ( Box 1). pioneering endeavour recognizes linkages sustainable trade investment biodiversity; valuing generating direct benefits sale biodiversity-derived products sustaining livelihoods incentivizing conservation biodiversity. biodiversity-based businesses flourish, stakeholders create enabling policy framework sustainably trade biodiversity- based products services variety sectors, strengthen technical financial capacities chain actors ( Box 1). Initiatives BioTrade part solution enhancing positive role sustainable trade businesses play mainstreaming biodiversity global economy. initiatives, BioTrade depends enabling policy framework active involvement multiple actors, government agencies, private sector civil society. strong coordination robust regulations, requires transversal policies, including development planning processes, economic, trade, environmental sustainable consumption production policies. Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets mainstreaming biodiversity Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 Aichi Targets form agreed global biodiversity roadmap. plan adopted 2010 10th Meeting Conference Parties (COP 10) CBD. comprised 20 targets divided strategic goals; CBD Parties implement national biodiversity strategies action plans (NBSAPs). efforts engage governments, private sector stakeholders, stressing importance sustainable resources, achievements Nagoya Protocol, . IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS: TRADE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION . 5 world faces biodiversity loss accelerated rates. mid-term analysis implementation Strategic Plan, CBD urged Parties mainstream biodiversity improve implementation. Time running achieve targets 2020. Conservation organizations ( WWF2 IUCN3) warned needed biodiversity loss halted. impact productive sector environment ( solutions environmental problems), central theme 13th Conference Parties (COP 13) CBD 2 http://www.efeverde./opinion/la-biodiversidad-en-el-centro-de-la-agenda-del-desarrollo-por-ximena-barrera- wwf-colombia/ 3 https://www.iucn.org/news/-biodiversity-conference-2016-compromise-pinch-salt BOX 1. BioTrade Initiative (UNCTAD) UNCTAD launched BioTrade Initiative instrument enable countries harmonize economic development conservation biodiversity trade biodiversity-based goods services. Additionally, contributes achievement conservation sustainable development objectives multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora (CITES), UNCTAD collaborated, promote legal, sustainable traceable trade endangered species. BioTrade refers collection, production, transformation commercialization goods services derived native biodiversity (species ecosystems) environmental, social economic sustainability criteria. fully develop concept, UNCTAD, jointly international national partners practitioners, established BioTrade Principles Criteria (BT &). , combined distinctive approaches ( chain, sustainable livelihoods, ecosystem adaptive management), guarantee sustainability interventions. framework addresses objectives biodiversity- related MEAs broader context sustainable development responsible business. instance, BT & enable identification social, economic environmental challenges gaps addressed implementation monitoring customized workplans guarantee actions sustainable. UNCTAD partners support governments address policy gaps duplications limiting development BioTrade activities. Additionally, develop studies capacity-building advocacy initiatives address trade barriers limiting access key import markets. BioTrade implemented variety sectors including: BioTrade , years, concrete actions enhance livelihoods ensure conservation sustainable biodiversity, including valuing mainstreaming biodiversity economic sectors, enabling improved biodiversity governance. aims embodied Aichi Targets SDGs, BioTrade brings real possibilities contribute achieving targets. work undertaken contribute implementation SDGs, notably SDGs 14, 15, 17 12. Examples contribution BioTrade Initiative partners 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets Annex 1. information: www.biotrade.org www.unctad.org/biotrade SECTOR TYPE OF PRODUCT Personal care Essential oils, natural dyes, soaps, cream butters, cosmetics, . Pharmaceutical (phytopharma) Extracts, capsules infusions medicinal plants algae, . Food Fruits pulps, juices, jams, biscuits sauces, spices, nuts, tubers, snacks, food supplements, meat caiman fish, . Fashion Skin belts, purses Caiman yacare, . Ornamental flora fauna Heliconias, orchids, butterflies, . Handicrafts Jewellery, decorative objects based native species, garments, . Textiles natural fibres Furniture decorative objects based natural fibres, purses, shoes, . Sustainable tourism Ecotourism, nature-based tourism, community-based tourism, . Forestry-based carbon credit activities Reducing Emissions Deforestation Forest Degradation, conservation, sustainable management forests enhancement forest carbon stocks (REDD+), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation strategies specific chains, . 6 © TO LI : AM ’ RU mainstreaming biodiversity conservation sustainability, emphasis agriculture, forestry, fisheries tourism. CBD supports theme mainstreaming biodiversity Article 6, subsection : “integrate, , conservation sustainable biodiversity plans, programs sectoral intersectoral policies”; Article 10 (), calling parties , , “integrate consideration conservation sustainable biological resources national decision- making”. theme incorporated Strategic Plan, specifically objectives . objective focuses transversal policies, including development planning processes, economic policies sustainable consumption production; mainstreaming biodiversity sectors agriculture, forestry fisheries. context reinforces opportunities stakeholders engaged BioTrade contribute achieving Strategic Plan, SDGs, shown Annex 1. , initiative benefits business, environment society. context UNCTAD organized IV BioTrade Congress focusing trade tool mainstream biodiversity. IV BioTrade Congress IV BioTrade Congress place 3 December 2016 parallel Ministerial High Level Segment CBD COP 13 Cancun, Mexico. Congress platform environmental policymakers, BioTrade partners, private sector, academia, interested NGOs civil society discuss ways enhancing positive role sustainable trade businesses play mainstreaming biodiversity global economy. event organized plenary sessions ( .7). Concretely, Congress promoted substantive discussions actions experiences generated policy arena business arena. covered challenges, opportunities, lessons learned practices sustainable trade biodiversity contributed conservation, livelihoods rural communities, profitability industries, brought prosperity developing countries. business--business roundtable fostered innovative approaches disseminated lessons learned trade biodiversity- based products services, mainstream biodiversity economies. Celebrating 20 years BioTrade Initiative, IV BioTrade Congress highlighted presence “founders” BioTrade Initiative thanked important contributions: Rafael Sanchez, active pioneer believer BioTrade, Latin America; Maria Luisa del Rio, senior advisor Environment Minister Peru; Rik Kutsch Lojenga, Executive Director Union Ethical BioTrade (UEBT), spin- BioTrade Initiative; Lorena Jaramillo managing UNCTAD BioTrade team Geneva. 7 TIME SESSION CHAIR 09:00 Registration 09:45–11:00 remarks celebration 20 years BioTrade UNCTAD Speakers: • Elsa Patricia Galarza Contreras, Minister Environment, Peru • Marc Chardonnens, State Secretary, Federal Office Environment, Switzerland • David Cooper, Deputy Executive Secretary, CBD Lucas Assunçã, Head Trade, Environment Development Branch, UNCTAD Launch publication 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets 11:00–12:30 Session 1: trade ABS policy mainstream biodiversity UNCTAD Speakers: • Balakrishna Pisupati, Coordinator Biodiversity MEAs SDG Programme, UNEP • Nguyen Thanh Vinh, Deputy Director, Biodiversity Conservation Agency, Viet Nam • Vanessa Ingar Elliott, BioTrade Specialist, Ministry Environment, Peru • Claude Fromageot, Sustainable Development Director, Groupe Rocher Director, Yves Rocher Foundation, France Lorena Jaramillo, Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD 12:30–14:00 Networking lunch 14:00–15:30 Session 2: Innovation, entrepreneurship financing biodiversity UNCTAD Speakers: • German Schafer, CEO, BioProcol, Colombia • Mauricio Mira Pontó, Head, Green Sustainable Business Office, Ministry Environment Sustainable Development, Colombia • René ómez-Garcí Palao, Coordinator, Green Business Unit, CAF • éronique Rossow, Head, Research Development, PhytoTrade Africa/UNCTAD expert • Martha Kangandjo, Manager, Eudafano Women’ -operative, Namibia David Vivas Eugui, Legal Affairs Officer, UNCTAD 15:30–16:00 Coffee break 16:00–18:00 BioTrade business roundtable: Innovation ethical sourcing people biodiversity (UEBT) Speakers: • Annette Piperidis, Manager Sustainable Sourcing, Weleda AG, Switzerland • Angela Pinhati, Director Industry, Natura Cosmetics, Brazil • Guadalupe Bojorquez, General Manager, Mexialoe Laboratorios, Mexico • Maria Julia Oliva, Senior Coordinator Policy Technical Support, UEBT Roundtable discussion speakers private sector representatives: • Marie Marache, Sustainable Development Team, Groupe Rocher, France • German Schafer, CEO, BioProcol, Colombia • Gastó Vizcarra, President/-founder, Candela, Peru Rik Kutsch Lojenga, Executive Director, UEBT 18:00–18:45 Closing IV BioTrade Congress – UNCTAD 19:00–20:30 Cocktail celebrate 20 years BioTrade IV BioTrade Congress Trade Biodiversity Conservation 8 celebrate achievements BioTrade Initiative, 20 years, publication BioTrade’ contribution sustainable development prepared, collaboration UNCTAD partners biodiversity practitioners. book, 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets, demonstrates BioTrade’ impact, practices lessons learned concrete cases flora, fauna ecosystem services sustainably. publication illustrates combining science, biodiversity trade : • Conserve planet, improved conservation biodiversity; • Support people, generating jobs enhancing livelihoods; • Support market access, innovative products, enhancing competitiveness SMEs business associations, tackling trade barriers. Partnerships essential achieving sustainable development key selected cases national, regional international levels detailed. Finally, document critical view BioTrade includes qualitative quantitative information inputs ongoing processes related 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development SDGs, Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 Aichi Targets, MEAs international development processes. summary topics covered case studies commemorative publication included Table 1 complete document downloaded http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ ditcted2016d4_en.pdf . 20 YEARS OF BIOTRADE: CONNECTING PEOPLE, THE PLANET AND MARKETS II. IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation TABLE 1. Topics case studies covered 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets CONTENT/ARTICLE TOPICS COVERED BioTrade – harmonizing trade, biodiversity livelihoods BioTrade history conceptual framework evolution BioTrade 20 years outlined; starting creation term “BioTrade” launch BioTrade Initiative UNCTAD. Featured cross-section organizations companies number countries variety sectors – engaged BioTrade. relationship BioTrade achievements objectives biodiversity-related MEAs (CBD CITES) SDGs analysed. Turning BioTrade market driver sustainability required defining opportunities BioTrade products, ensuring market access staying top market trends. , key priority securing sufficient private sector buy . Finally, financing green businesses BioTrade critical factor hindering development sector. financial products limited, adapted characteristics production cycles BioTrade businesses. Action needed macro-, meso- micro-levels address limitation. BioTrade: opportunity synergy multilateral agreements BioTrade: market driver sustainable development Reflections drivers economic financial sustainability BioTrade initiatives BioTrade livelihoods – synergy BioTrade people BioTrade delivered positive impacts beneficiaries decades. case studies illustrate work promoted BioTrade practitioners Asia, Africa Latin America, personal care, phytopharma food sectors. Beneficiaries wide ranging, indigenous communities, women’ associations, product-based associations, communities sustainably transforming biodiversity products services. trade BioTrade products services increases communities’ incomes enhances capacity ability compete differentiated -added products services traded national international markets. , innovative approaches experiences shared demonstrate strong commitment respecting, protecting, valuing compensating traditional knowledge (TK) local communities, line access benefit sharing (ABS) principles Nagoya Protocol. cases contribute : Aichi Targets: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19 SDGs: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 Ecoflora Cares: Jagua chain (Colombia) Achuar Shuar communities Chankuap Foundation: Resources future (Ecuador) Sandalwood: Ethical sourcing unique valued fragrance (Sri Lanka) Traditional knowledge business model: Takiwasi Ampik Sacha (Peru) mountains: Traditional herbal remedy improves livelihoods ethnic minority communities (Viet Nam) Connecting pe ople, plane markets 2 Bi Trade years AT TAD ITED ATIO 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet arkets Photo credits : Globe © Foto lia: Romolo Ta vani Tree © Fotolia : klublu Microscope © Fotolia: 279p hoto Harvesting © Fotolia: Pierr -Yves Babyl Cosmetics © Fotolia: baiba Bird © Lorena Jaramillo COVER_FINA L_WITH_SPIN .indd 1 14/03/2017 1 4:24 9 CONTENT/ARTICLE TOPICS COVERED BioTrade – harmonizing trade, biodiversity livelihoods BioTrade history conceptual framework evolution BioTrade 20 years outlined; starting creation term “BioTrade” launch BioTrade Initiative UNCTAD. Featured cross-section organizations companies number countries variety sectors – engaged BioTrade. relationship BioTrade achievements objectives biodiversity-related MEAs (CBD CITES) SDGs analysed. Turning BioTrade market driver sustainability required defining opportunities BioTrade products, ensuring market access staying top market trends. , key priority securing sufficient private sector buy . Finally, financing green businesses BioTrade critical factor hindering development sector. financial products limited, adapted characteristics production cycles BioTrade businesses. Action needed macro-, meso- micro-levels address limitation. BioTrade: opportunity synergy multilateral agreements BioTrade: market driver sustainable development Reflections drivers economic financial sustainability BioTrade initiatives BioTrade livelihoods – synergy BioTrade people BioTrade delivered positive impacts beneficiaries decades. case studies illustrate work promoted BioTrade practitioners Asia, Africa Latin America, personal care, phytopharma food sectors. Beneficiaries wide ranging, indigenous communities, women’ associations, product-based associations, communities sustainably transforming biodiversity products services. trade BioTrade products services increases communities’ incomes enhances capacity ability compete differentiated -added products services traded national international markets. , innovative approaches experiences shared demonstrate strong commitment respecting, protecting, valuing compensating traditional knowledge (TK) local communities, line access benefit sharing (ABS) principles Nagoya Protocol. cases contribute : Aichi Targets: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19 SDGs: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 Ecoflora Cares: Jagua chain (Colombia) Achuar Shuar communities Chankuap Foundation: Resources future (Ecuador) Sandalwood: Ethical sourcing unique valued fragrance (Sri Lanka) Traditional knowledge business model: Takiwasi Ampik Sacha (Peru) mountains: Traditional herbal remedy improves livelihoods ethnic minority communities (Viet Nam) BioTrade CBD – supporting conservation sustainable biodiversity BioTrade planet BioTrade benefited positively impacted biodiversity biodiversity-based sectors regions development methodologies, guidelines, training courses, enhancing governance support conservation . articles provide examples initiatives promoted BioTrade practitioners Asia, Africa Latin America, working traceability systems orchids, sustainably managing -wood forest products, recovering amphibians breeding technologies, forest carbon initiatives. Beneficiaries native biodiversity manner contributes conservation. cases contribute : Aichi Targets: 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20 SDGs: 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16 Natura Suruí Forest Carbon Project (Brazil) EcuaFrog, WIKIRI amphibian pet trade (Ecuador) Sustainability principles criteria applied wild collection -wood forest products (Kosovo) Traceability orchids: win-win tool enhance sustainable trade (Peru) BioTrade market-driven strategies develop biodiversity- based sectors businesses BioTrade markets BioTrade, beneficiaries – companies, associations projects – placing products services national markets regional international variety biodiversity-based sectors. case studies presented illustrate working flora ecosystem services (sustainable tourism) Africa, Asia Latin America. Challenges faced overcome, opportunities exporting native biodiversity products international markets explored. Finally, initiatives show markets recognize role community-based initiatives developing products tourism attractions seizing growing market trends conserve ecosystems landscapes. cases contribute : Aichi Targets: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 16, 19 SDGs: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 Developing inclusive resilient indigenous natural products sector (southern Africa) Communitarian ecotourism: idea full nature (Colombia) Promoting sustainable cocoa (Ecuador) food regulation: technical protocol Sacha inchi oil (Peru) needed push (Viet Nam) role partnerships unlocking BioTrade potential Partnerships Developing partnerships essential achieving sustainable development, addressing emerging issues impact biodiversity BioTrade. instance, partnerships address developments MEAs ( Nagoya Protocol), SDGs, peacebuilding, accessing international markets (.. trade agreements, -tariff measures, commercial partnerships, .). concrete examples partnerships established, variety stakeholders promoting sustainable biodiversity / BioTrade Asia, Africa Latin America variety sectors, ecosystems political contexts. cases contribute : Aichi Targets: 1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19 SDGs: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17 BioTrade Initiative CITES BioTrade – resilience-building tool: Helping states fulfil pledge leaving Vision matters: BioTrade implementation (Viet Nam) Biodiversity-based businesses: Leveraging ecological economies Enhancing sustainability python skin trade innovative partnership BioTrade people Future challenges opportunities trade-related opportunities limitations developing biodiversity BioTrade endeavours, governments private sector key players capturing real economic biodiversity. articles provide critical view impact BioTrade biodiversity-businesses livelihoods, conserving biodiversity, accessing environmentally socially friendly markets, capturing development opportunities arising SDGs Aichi Targets. BioTrade conservation tool Emerging issues markets BioTrade biodiversity-based businesses BioTrade sustainable development BioTrade, Aichi Targets SDGs Source: Extracts UNCTAD, 2016. 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcted2016d4_en.pdf 10 . III. IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation BUILDING LONG-STANDING PARTNERSHIPS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHAIR Lucas Assunçã, Head Trade, Environment Development Branch, UNCTAD SPEAKERS Elsa Patricia Galarza Contreras, Minister Environment, Peru Marc Chardonnens, State Secretary, Federal Office Environment, Switzerland David Cooper, Deputy Executive Secretary, CBD collaboration trade, environment development stakeholders powerful partnership building link biodiversity development. stated opening session Congress, focused theme CBD COP 13, mainstreaming biodiversity, celebration 20 years BioTrade. Speakers highlighted BioTrade’ achievements supporting sustainable development targets providing critical view future opportunities challenges faced. origins, UNCTAD conceived BioTrade pioneering approach trade positive incentive conservation biodiversity fostering economic prosperity developing countries. approach fully embraced Peru promotes creation consolidation native biodiversity businesses incentive conservation. “BioTrade helping companies apply environmental, social economic sustainability criteria line objectives National Biodiversity Strategy CBD”. 2001, achievements implementing BioTrade practice, continued joint work needed scaling experiences developing tools promoting investment BioTrade, traceability systems, ABS awareness trade topics affect BioTrade. Switzerland, SECO, long- standing supporter BioTrade: stating, “BioTrade assisted Switzerland fulfilling biodiversity commitments Aichi [Targets], providing essential services human economic -… , coming years, Government Switzerland involved question biodiversity promotion BioTrade levels”. notes cooperation UNCTAD national regional partners. CBD Secretariat stated UNCTAD’ BioTrade Initiative recognized CBD COP decisions “ important contribution achieving sustainable biodiversity components , harnessing commercial interest biological resources, generating incentives biodiversity conservation. BioTrade constitutes important tool conservation sustainable biodiversity”. approach reinforced entry force Nagoya Protocol 2014, increases synergies BioTrade principles ABS mutually supportive, contributing fair equitable sharing benefits resulting biodiversity, broader sustainable development goals. fourth Global Biodiversity Outlook mid-term review progress © TA 11 Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 20 Aichi Targets , stresses enhance mainstreaming biodiversity economic sectors society important action achieve targets. Trade biodiversity-based products services, including BioTrade, tool achieve mainstreaming biodiversity requires enabling environment supportive policies legal frameworks place remove trade barriers, facilitating streamlining certifications labelling products. discussions, growing consumer awareness importance sustainable consumption biodiversity-based products biodiversity conservation recognized. , companies active promoting biodiversity-friendly initiatives corporate social responsibility sourcing natural products. fact consideration, trade biodiversity-based products services important tool mainstreaming biodiversity sectors. , recognized remains niche market efforts needed enhance awareness consumers, businesses governments biodiversity, BioTrade congresses considered Peruvian Ministry Environment outstanding platform sharing experiences lessons learned sectors regions. provide opportunities jointly identify solutions : • enhance livelihoods local communities; • generate -added products services; • participate niche markets high potential exports; • promote sustainable ventures responsible businesses business practices. Echoing perception, CBD Secretariat Swiss Government expressed idea congresses inspire actions based BioTrade experiences, bringing countries actors develop growing number partners implementation BioTrade programmes. Finally, participants expressed congratulations appreciation UNCTAD partners 20 years making BioTrade real opportunity developing countries. reaffirmed willingness partners sustainable trade biological conservation – key approach safeguarding sustaining ecosystems livelihoods poor 20 years. © RO PE Ú 12 . IV. IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation USING TRADE AND ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING POLICY TO MAINSTREAM BIODIVERSITY CHAIR Lorena Jaramillo, Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD SPEAKERS Balakrishna Pisupati, Coordinator Biodiversity MEAs SDG Programme, UNEP Nguyen Thanh Vinh, Deputy Director, Biodiversity Conservation Agency, Viet Nam Vanessa Ingar Elliott, BioTrade Specialist, Ministry Environment, Peru Claude Fromageot, Sustainable Development Director, Groupe Rocher Director, Yves Rocher Foundation, France Background Access markets essential capture growing demand environmentally socially conscious consumers. , companies SMEs face regulatory challenges trading - added biodiversity products. Trade policy support biodiversity removing reforming harmful incentives production trade sustainably sourced products services variety sectors agriculture, forestry, fisheries, biotechnology energy. Broadening trade records recognize economic nature biodiversity products, price, support enhancing importance biodiversity. , trade ABS policies stress importance sustainable sourcing developing businesses products benefit sharing schemes fulfil Nagoya Protocol. Summary discussions importance trade, limited understanding trade policies affect conservation sustainable management biodiversity. Addressing lack interaction coherence conservation/environment trade policies, enhancing dialogue environment trade communities starting point. Collaboration mainstreaming biodiversity economic actors, trade, environment, agriculture, research, universities private sector, shown Peruvian experience National Commission BioTrade Promotion formulation National BioTrade Strategy (Figure 1). BioTrade, country addressed trade barriers selected biodiversity-based products mobilized efforts FIGURE 1. BioTrade tool mainstream biodiversity economic sectors Source: Extract Vanessa Ingar Elliott presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. 13 4 species achiote (Bixa orellana), cochineal (Dactylopius coccus), kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus), lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), maca (Lepidium meyenii Lepidium peruvianum), corn (Zea mays), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), sacha (Plukenetia volubilis ., commonly sacha inchi, inka peanut inka nut) tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). stakeholders support trade friendly measures focused biodiversity conservation. Efforts focused developing quality standards, product process information specifications, traceability systems support sustainable trade selected species,4 estimated US$ 360 million 2015. facilitated market access native species, including food approval sacha inchi enter EU market support BioTrade companies, government advocacy, academia international cooperation. Finally, Peru defined harmonized system (HS) codes document trading biodiversity- prioritized species BioTrade. , UNEP stated economic benefits trade biological resources optimized captured fully countries, due limited -based export trade policy systems. , trade data, customs coding classification, show price; real economic biodiversity. BioTrade-friendly implementation Nagoya Protocol key aspect development biodiversity BioTrade businesses, requires implementation / adaptation national ABS legislation. Viet Nam, Biodiversity Conservation Agency implementing Nagoya Protocol drafting ABS decree, defining interface BioTrade ABS ( Figure 2). UNCTAD supported Biodiversity Conservation Agency providing technical assistance, capacity-building activities technical studies clarify research development activities, related BioTrade, undertaken licensing procedure required ABS decree. easy task challenges faced administrative procedures granting ABS permits, limited experience implementing ABS agreements negotiation, limited awareness consumers government, . , BioTrade- friendly ABS legislation expected achieved scope activities Nagoya Protocol Vietnamese ABS laws Vietnamese BioTrade programme aligned. clarity expected revision Biodiversity Law 2018. FIGURE 2. Vietnamese approach interface ABS BioTrade Source: Extract Nguyen Thanh Vinh presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. ABS BioTrade Interlink ABS BioTrade BioTrade activities involve & activities undertake licensing procedure required ABS Decree BioTrade ABS Natural Ingredient Products Va lu ch ai & 14 Private sector companies drivers supporting CBD. Groupe Rocher shared experience connecting economic activities biodiversity, raising awareness mainstreaming biodiversity Aichi Targets. Groupe Rocher formulated kind social commitment levels company, motivating driving employees actors sustainable actions involved concrete experiences field. experiences enabled stakeholders comprehensive inclusive approach traditional supply chain approach. order understand implement economic model protect biodiversity favour ABS, understand relationship actions biodiversity. , Groupe Rocher established partnership ABS authorities Madagascar, local communities suppliers company’ ingredients (.. Aphloia Sigesbeckia). result joint work, formulated ABS protocol applied research cosmetics properties. essential demonstrate disseminate benefits model generate behavioural change people sustainable development, continuing collaborate variety actors, including academia companies (SMEs, transnational corporations) achieving . Key conclusions • Collaboration, inclusiveness commitment variety stakeholders favour implementation, development adaptation current trade policies environmental agreements mainstream biodiversity seize opportunities arising sustainable biodiversity. , multidisciplinary collaboration essential support goals. • enabling coherent trade biodiversity policy, supported regulatory framework, support businesses trading biodiversity-based products services variety sectors. , mainstreaming biodiversity economy requires availability trade- related information, including trade statistics, capture biodiversity. Formulating clear definition trade biological genetic resources ABS light Nagoya Protocol critical. • close relationship BioTrade, ABS schemes Nagoya Protocol, &, clarity understanding essential developing national ABS frameworks. key deciding BioTrade activities assessed Protocol. • Responsible business actors leading mainstreaming biodiversity business practices variety sectors national international levels. company committed biodiversity conservation, CEO employees, builds business case biodiversity promoting behavioural change people sustainable development accountability related environmental concern. © TA 15 © TO LI : AN AF AR SA 16 . . IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation INNOVATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FINANCING FOR BIODIVERSITY CHAIR David Vivas Eugui, Legal Affairs Officer, UNCTAD SPEAKERS German Schafer, CEO, BioProcol, Colombia Mauricio Mira Pontó, Head, Green Sustainable Business Office, Ministry Environment Sustainable Development, Colombia René ómez-Garcí Palao, Coordinator, Green Business Unit, CAF éronique Rossow, Head, Research Development, PhytoTrade Africa/UNCTAD expert Martha Kangandjo, Manager, Eudafano Women’ -operative, Namibia Background Innovation differentiation, discovery applications biodiversity components, development market-driven products. Entrepreneurship essential start- biodiversity harvesting production occur rural areas, level knowledge, security infrastructure. time, strong business leadership constant effort, extremely difficult sustain operations , cases, ensure peace. context, finance trigger starting business scaling sales. , volumes material sustainably high risks impose design launch market favourable financial products type activity, economically, socially environmentally sustainable. Summary discussions development effective policies accordance MEAs foster international trade line sustainable practices, scales; benefiting economy, society environment. Upscaling mainstreaming biodiversity economy benefit society protect environment crucial process, requires focus innovation, entrepreneurship financing. Combining innovation entrepreneurship, 2004, BioProcol conducted advanced research plants develop produce unique natural ingredients Colombian biodiversity. company markets high added compounds pharmaceutical, cosmetics nutraceutical global industries. company showed engagement implementing vertically integrated operations system local producers government entities. system based good agricultural practices, sustainability, social responsibility benefit- sharing principles propagate harvest raw materials. Bioprospecting, organic horticulture bioprocesses carried Andean region’ biodiversity genetic resources multi- year ABS contract commercial purposes Colombian Government. FIGURE 3. Green growth – tunnel metaphor Source: Extracted Mauricio Mira Pontó presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. 17 Entrepreneurship mainstream biodiversity BioTrade selected countries. , Colombian Government working mainstream biodiversity entrepreneurship peacebuilding processes Colombia’ Green Sustainable Business Generation (GSBG) programme. programme seeks “foster promote green sustainable businesses medium improve opportunities income generation businesses communities involved green sustainable businesses, context sustainable biodiversity”, explained “tunnel metaphor” (Figure 3). focuses sets products: sustainable goods services derived natural resources; eco- industrial products. BT & applied context category products. main indicators success programme Colombia emergence support 635 companies years. GSBG programme focuses social productive business endeavours post- conflict areas, showing importance green business BioTrade tools reconstruction productive structures conflict-affected areas. Governments businesses find common points work biodiversity development green investments. context, multisectoral approach, Development Bank Latin America (CAF), demonstrates financial agencies respond opportunities presented environmental challenges expanding diversifying financial portfolio green investments. green portfolio focuses certified products credit lines green businesses energy efficiency programmes. CAF granted US$ 1.2 billion green credit lines 10 years. funding complemented technical assistance, development capacities financial institutions evaluation environmental social aspects credit operations. Additionally, seeks strengthen green business energy efficiency markets supporting design execution public market policies. worthwhile remember mainstreaming innovation, entrepreneurship finance fair equitable sharing benefits foster economic social development, conserving natural resources . good PhytoTrade Africa contributed development southern Africa’ natural product industry ensuring long-term sustainability sharing benefits fair equitable manner. PhytoTrade Africa bottom-, inclusive adaptive approach offers innovative products capture / create demand. approach helps responding evolving challenges presented fluctuating demand natural resources, cultural differences long distances main markets. PhytoTrade Africa, adaptive approach helps “ kind support time, objective ”. PhytoTrade’ members, Eudafano Women’ -operative, showed , addition innovative mindset, holistic FIGURE 4. Key Eudafano Women’ -operative products Source: Extracted Martha Kangandjo presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. Marula food oilKalahari melon seeds Harvesters collecting Marula fruit 18 approach, solid partners regulatory frameworks bring benefits people nature. started group Namibian women north- central region common goal harvesting marula fruits, processing marketing marula oil Kalahari melon seeds (Figure 4). cooperative increased income members supplying raw materials, -fold, US$ 20 863 2012 US$ 104 712 2015. experiences shared session showed importance dialogue business government, put place trade policies incentives seizing opportunities presented growing green global market trends. social aspect entrepreneurship forgotten, financing innovation create demands provide incentives equitable sharing benefits . Key conclusions • innovative approach governments, support entrepreneurship, access green finance bottom- adaptive management key success factors sustainability green businesses. • Companies developing countries innovate making strategic native biodiversity complying ABS regulations governments support relevant administrative applications processes. • Strategic alliances local &-based companies, universities, government intergovernmental agencies provide solid basis discover, validate develop innovative biodiversity-based products. • Green entrepreneurship BioTrade effective tools rebuilding economic activities post-conflict scenarios, providing real opportunities displaced communities. • Financial portfolio diversification incorporates green clean businesses essential diversification economic basis developing countries. Regional development banks role creation credit lines support sustainability objectives. • dealing smallholders cooperatives, bottom- adaptive approaches needed respond diverse evolving factors fluctuating demand natural resources, cultural differences long distances main markets. © IO PR © IO PR 19 © TO LI : EP KO AN IL 20 . VI. IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation BIOTRADE BUSINESS ROUNDTABLE: INNOVATION AND ETHICAL SOURCING FOR PEOPLE AND BIODIVERSITY 5 5 section based inputs notes prepared Maria Julia Oliva Rik Kutsch Lojenga, UEBT, personal communications Gunter Viteri. 6 information UEBT Ethical BioTrade Standard : http://ethicalbiotrade.org/ CHAIR Rik Kutsch Lojenga Executive Director, Union Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) SPEAKERS Annette Piperidis, Manager Sustainable Sourcing, Weleda AG, Switzerland Angela Pinhati, Director Industry, Natura Cosmetics, Brazil Guadalupe Bojorquez, General Manager, Mexialoe Laboratorios, Mexico Maria Julia Oliva, Senior Coordinator Policy Technical Support, UEBT Background Business engagement implementation CBD instruments crucial achievement targets established protect biodiversity, secure resources present future generations ensuring fair equitable benefit sharing . BioTrade engagement companies shows challenges transformed valuable opportunities respect people environment, positioned market. session, leading companies shared experiences BioTrade engagement, roundtable discussion business biodiversity. Summary discussions importance business engagement conservation sustainable biodiversity – subject CBD COP decisions – reinforced Congress. links business, innovation, ethical sourcing respect human aspects biodiversity presented discussed. Union Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) promotes private sector engagement sourcing natural ingredients respect people biodiversity. brings companies -private sector organizations committed Ethical BioTrade. Companies mainstream BioTrade Principles operations supply chain Ethical BioTrade Standard.6 Weleda, company works 1000 natural raw materials medicines natural cosmetics, implementing Ethical BioTrade Standard strict UEBT supplier evaluation system, includes actions support supplier development supply chain audits. actions shown benefits, including reduction (reputational) risks, assured supply stable prices, improved quality relationship suppliers broader international recognition efforts. Challenges moving include addressing variety complexity supply chains raw materials mitigating adverse effects climate change. role certification schemes support sustainable biodiversity compliance ABS schemes discussed. Certification ingredients supply chains context Ethical BioTrade Standard, advancing development implementation management traceability systems, promoting environmental conservation, generating tools raising awareness. Natura Cosmeticos, developed, jointly UEBT, innovative supply chain management programme comply Ethical BioTrade Standard, ensuring traceability ingredients, enabling company certify supply chains ingredients (Figure 5). UEBT partnership opportunity Natura accomplish objectives sustainable biodiversity, optimize reduce costs process robust audit verification system. partnership guarantees information integrity good production practices supply chains, reducing complexity monitoring multiple certification system (.. Forest Stewardship Council, Organic, Fairtrade, .) promoting good environment innovation. programme involves 30 communities 2 250 families ensures harvested Amazon ingredients traceable ethically sourced. Ethical BioTrade Standard, dialogue plays key role ensuring fair equitable benefit sharing (Figure 6). Tools developed UEBT, including methodology “biocultural dialogues”, companies support transparent, inclusive constructive engagement local producers communities. methodology aims establish solid basis collaboration business local actors, define equitable prices, ensure contribution local development goals, comply ABS 21 Roundtable discussion speakers private sector representatives: Marie Marache, Sustainable Development Team, Groupe Rocher, France German Schafer, CEO, BioProcol, Colombia Gastó Vizcarra, President/-founder, Candela, Peru FIGURE 5. Natura UEBT scheme certification verification FIGURE 6. Importance dialogue Ethical BioTrade Standard Source: Extracted Angela Pinhati presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. Source: Extracted Guadalupe Bojorquez Maria Julia Oliva presentation IV BioTrade Congress, 2016. 2nd party Audit (Natura) 3rd party Audit (external)UEBT Member Natura Natura Internal System (SCI) Organization Check • Annually SCI Verification Frequency: Annually Organization Check • Based sampling rules Field Check • Sampling (min square root +1) Field Check • Sampling (min square root +1) Natura Checklist Requirements Verificadores Checklist da Natura Natura KPI’ Natura supplier’ cooperatives families Supplier 1 Families Cooper- atives Pay equitable prices Contribute local development Respect traditional practices Comply ABS legislation Respect ABS principles Respect patent principles Engage dialogue © TO LI : LE AT EW IS 22 rules practices. Mexialoe Laboratorios, largest producer organic aloe vera Mexico cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical nutraceutical industries, illustrated tool applied enhance collaboration suppliers. Dialogue fair equitable benefit sharing key addressing sustainability issues supply chain. addition, helps people visualize biodiversity related culture, traditional knowledge ancient practices. roundtable discussions topic addressed companies opportunity implementation Nagoya Protocol commit companies ethical sourcing biodiversity, potential challenge barrier biodiversity- based commercial activities. ABS favours balanced relationships users providers. , companies faced uncertainties complex procedures related national implementation compliance Protocol – evolving vary greatly country country. Rules clear practical important preventing burdensome consequences innovation. addition, clarity terms definitions essential arriving solid commercial contracts. regard, technical support ABS, including documents developed UNCTAD inputs UEBT PhytoTrade Africa, contribute addressing challenge. upscale BioTrade buy companies, opinions participants varied greatly. participants, focus increasing private sector engagement awareness relation BioTrade concept approaches ecosystem landscape management. considered emphasis scaling engagement local supplier companies civil society. Consumer awareness mentioned critical BioTrade concept amplify impacts scope. Increased communication raising awareness importance ethical sourcing biodiversity crucial regard. consumers putting companies pressure ethical sourcing biodiversity. Additionally, companies engaged BioTrade “walk talk” show leadership companies suppliers. Challenges discussed technical financial resources companies comply legislation market requirements. Participants raised issue support government, favours sectors industries necessarily linked ethical environmental responsibility. Enhanced advocacy activities required tackle challenge influence policymakers decisions favourable BioTrade. environmentally conscious consumers play important role . © TA 23 Key conclusions • Biodiversity recognized pillar sourcing innovation number sectors. , sustainability values powerful differentiator product service. BioTrade products services face challenges areas technical financial capacity, regulatory frameworks market uptake. • UEBT certification reinforces commitment Ethical BioTrade strengthens traceability information exchange supply chains. result, companies benefit increased brand reputation, local producers provide added ingredients, addition receiving social, economic environmental benefits. tools, including UEBT biocultural dialogues methodology, facilitate promote ethical sourcing practices bring producers companies reflect respect environmental, economic, social cultural aspects relationships. • Market trends provide opportunity BioTrade moving . Demand ingredients derived biodiversity continues increase, interest ensuring ingredients sourced ethical practices. adoption SDGs Nagoya Protocol ABS impact. • Enhancing awareness advocacy BioTrade sustainable biodiversity public sector consumers essential. Raising awareness topics climate change industries involved – communicating biodiversity reforestation initiative Rocher Group. growing number consumers companies committed ethical sourcing put companies governments pressure respect environmental rules adopt sustainable production practices. • UNCTAD celebrates 20 years BioTrade, panel debated importance relevance concept . agreed BioTrade concept remains important companies, light challenges loss biodiversity environmental degradation, opportunities brought market demand ABS regulations world. time, panel noted increased private sector engagement required achieve wider adoption BioTrade concept. increased involvement local supplier companies civil society, concept significant impact. Increased communication importance ethical sourcing biodiversity essential. increase uptake BioTrade concept, Congress called organizations, including present, continue join forces collaborate . • issue ABS key point attention business CBD adopted Nagoya Protocol. panel noted ABS opportunity engage private sector responsible sourcing, participants warned significant barrier biodiversity-based sourcing innovation ABS regulation burdensome. Calls UNCTAD, UEBT supporting agencies promoting compliance reality check ABS procedures. © TO LI : IA VY SH IA KO VA 24 . VII. IV BIOTRADE CONGRESS Trade Biodiversity Conservation CONCLUDING REMARKS 2012, UNCTAD organized BioTrade Congress generate knowledge, create platform sharing information experience biodiversity practitioners, foster cooperation enhance conservation sustainable biodiversity fair equitable sharing benefits. IV BioTrade Congress focused discussing basis BioTrade, trade tool mainstream sustainably biodiversity contribute sustainable development. Finally, key conclusions recommendations (Box 2) shared validated participants. Experts speakers IV BioTrade Congress showed practical innovative approaches sustainably native biodiversity transforming trading national international markets. experiences discussions presented brought concrete examples trade biodiversity harmonized mainstream biodiversity economies. , participants discussed real potential achievements challenges faced BioTrade practitioners replicated biodiversity BioTrade partners practitioners. instance, private sector representatives discussed benefits implementing BT &, including compliance good production practices, enhancing collaboration supplier communities, improved management systems, opportunities certification, access tools guidance responsible sourcing. Trade positive incentive conservation biodiversity, trade policy countries achieve environmental objectives. , challenge valuing measured limited recording biodiversity trade ( Box 2) affect trade policies, definition government priorities mainstreaming biodiversity economy. , BioTrade recognized approach enables governments, companies actors enhance biodiversity © TA 25 translate trade policy objectives practices favour sustainable development. seize opportunities growing markets sustainable chains innovative approaches support economic social growth, enabling policy environment accompanied specific technical financial assistance, targeting SMEs working biodiversity BioTrade sectors. Biodiversity BioTrade businesses continue generating knowledge applied research local biodiversity resources developing trading final products. Commercializing valued-added products perspective providers ingredients opens opportunity companies capture higher prices. hand, trading products higher added fulfilling higher market requirements complex comply require additional knowledge financial resources, preparing dossiers carrying (pre-) clinical tests. perspective, developing countries provide enabling policy environment businesses scale products chain competitive developing products based native biodiversity light Nagoya Protocol. Engagement governments, multi lateral organizations private sector key biodiversity BioTrade businesses chain success. addition, involving engaging local communities essential business commercial partnerships, basis generate trust chain stakeholders. Congress participants concluded BioTrade part solution current environmental, economic social problems, evolving ABS rules world. needed 20 years! framework, participants called organizations, including present, continue join forces enhance collaboration order increase uptake BioTrade concept. MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY FOR WELL-BEING 26 BOX 2. Action points recommendations considered IV BioTrade Congress session celebration 20 years BioTrade 1. BioTrade partners, including Switzerland Peru, reaffirmed commitment contribute upscaling BioTrade. 2. UNCTAD supporting partner countries, Switzerland, fulfilling biodiversity commitments Aichi Targets. 3. Peru, early proponent beneficiary UNCTAD’ BioTrade Initiative, highlighted advantage BioTrade tool developing supporting existing sustainable chains. 4. CBD reaffirmed role BioTrade concept experience effective path sustainable protection biodiversity involve countries. 5. UNCTAD’ achievements decades related active engagement BioTrade partners practitioners public, academic private sectors. 6. UNCTAD believes jointly BioTrade practitioners businesses, biodiversity mainstreamed trade, development engine positive incentive conservation biodiversity. Session 1: Trade ABS policy mainstream biodiversity 1. Participants engaged interactive discussion trade regime, harmonized system (HS codes), giving limited view biodiversity-based products recorded valued trade statistics/trade flows. 2. Viet Nam shared experience implementing Nagoya Protocol simplifying procedures clarifying relationship BioTrade, developed specific ABS decree support UNCTAD. 3. Biodiversity conservation exclusively environmental issue. Trade policy countries achieve environmental objectives. Peru demonstrated trade environment ministries cooperating enable access international markets native species BioTrade. 4. case studies, Groupe Rocher showed businesses increasingly involved renewed physical personal relationship earth (Gaia). 5. differentiate trade commodities/biological resources trade genetic resources. differentiation explicitly stating purpose user resource ( raw material / &) light Nagoya Protocol. 6. important realize “ measure” trade policy. Session 2: Innovation, entrepreneurship financing biodiversity 1. real case studies demonstrated possibility innovate native biodiversity developing countries. , important businesses generate knowledge applied research local plants species, order move production trading ingredients final marketable products. 2. develop natural, effective, safe sustainable (NESS) products scale chain competitive. 3. Green business represents important opportunity growth, local empowerment peace building. Green financing support businesses start- phase providing seed capital. , technical assistance encompass scientific knowledge market intelligence order consolidate company’ position market ensure economic sustainability chains. 4. Green business positive growing consumer trend global markets. Financial agencies responding opportunity expanding diversifying financial portfolio greener investments illustrated CAF ministries environment Colombia Peru. 5. important identify work solid partners develop holistic models encourage ownership local entrepreneurs cases PhytoTrade Africa Eudafano Women’ -operative. BioTrade business roundtable: Innovation ethical sourcing people biodiversity 1. BioTrade approach private sector translate international policy objectives, SDGs, CBD, practice. 2. UEBT, companies successfully implement BioTrade Principles operations supply chains, generating benefits people biodiversity. 3. challenge 20 years BioTrade companies commit approach increase impact. 27 © TO LI : ER TO 28 BioTrade concrete actions ensure basic maintenance biodiversity , basic elements services, valuing local resources development chains native biodiversity, enabling guidance inputs biodiversity governance. resources services, helped preserve cultural, religious recreation values, addition promoting equitable distribution resources benefits. BioTrade Initiative brings real possibilities contribute Aichi Targets shown . ANNEX 1: UNCTAD’ BIOTRADE INITIATIVE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Strategic goals Aichi Targets UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative contribution 2015–2016 Strategic goal UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative Support development enabling policy institutional environment trade products services derived sustainable biodiversity. Development markets products services derived sustainable biodiversity. Mainstreaming BioTrade ( sustainable trade biodiversity products services) development policies strategies. Target 1 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Raise awareness business policy actors working sustainable biodiversity sector, publications, events (BioTrade congresses, high-level dialogues, .) technical meetings. worth mentioning meetings UNCTAD contributed raising awareness importance economic potential biodiversity trade-related events, including: • Briefing implementing Sustainable Development Goals: Trade biodiversity-based goods services 25 November 2016, Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva-based trade representatives participants increased understanding opportunities challenges emerge SDGs relation trade, biodiversity livelihoods development, focusing SDGs 1, 2, 12, 15 17. • BioTrade inclusive growth: works challenges persist (WTO public forum) 2 October 2015, presented successful case studies trade biodiversity conservation mutually supportive. • trade sustainable creative livelihoods: Biodiversity design special event held UNCTAD 14th Ministerial Conference. event organized raise awareness trade-related representatives development opportunities seized biodiversity- based sectors personal care, food fashion industries. fashion show organized captured attention trade-related delegates biodiversity (.. fibres, dyes) foster development countries. highlighted strategic potential design generating jobs incomes, improving livelihoods promoting sustainable biodiversity. • IV BioTrade Congress: Trade Biodiversity Conservation 3 December 2016 margins CBD COP 13/BBF presented trade, BioTrade, achieve Aichi Targets. showed private sector working sustainable trade biodiversity ( http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233). UNCTAD’ commemorative publication, 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets, compilation case studies information achievements, methodologies approaches implemented practitioners conserve sustainably biodiversity. Finally, mainstream BioTrade, UNCTAD supported development 2016 Peruvian Biodiversity Barometer UEBT, jointly CAF, launched 28 June 2016, Lima, Peru. Target 2 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Practical experiences case studies BioTrade programmes practitioners implemented lessons learned documented, demonstrating values biodiversity sectors countries globe. 14th Ministerial Conference UNCTAD Nairobi July 2016, Member States agreed institution contribute achieving 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development SDGs. Conference’ outcome document, Nairobi Maafikiano, Member States agreed specifically “promote sustainable trade biodiversity products services strengthen sustainability biodiversity foster sustainable growth, close cooperation relevant agencies ”. agreement marks milestone evolution BioTrade work trade biodiversity UNCTAD. 29 Strategic goals Aichi Targets UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative contribution 2015–2016 Target 3 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: target, specific areas implemented: 1) Positive incentives conserve sustainable biodiversity UNCTAD continue developing BioTrade, promotes conservation sustainable biodiversity chains harmony consistent CBD relevant international obligations. Specific positive incentives case studies developed, implemented documented BioTrade partners practitioners globe variety sectors. 2) Mapping -tariff measures barriers limiting trade BioTrade biodiversity- related products personal care, food phytopharma sectors developing countries advantage positive market trends environmentally socially friendly products developed country markets. Compliance exporters market requirements key markets, sanitary requirements good standards, essential accessing markets. , tariff liberalization trade agreements due integration global economy trade contributed reduce tariff barriers years. side, -tariff measures (NTMs) increased significantly countries adopting measures variety. NTMs commercial policy instruments (.. subsidies, trade defence measures), stem -trade policy objectives (.. food safety environmental protection) (UNCTAD, 2014: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditctab2014d5_en.pdf ). general, identification, awareness understanding impact NTMs challenging, dealing biodiversity BioTrade products. Identifying mapping relevant NTMs hinder BioTrade actors focus efforts addressing harmful NTMs. tackle gap, UNCTAD, support SECO, carried comprehensive mapping NTMs applicable biodiversity BioTrade products Colombia, Peru Viet Nam personal care, food phytopharma sectors. mapping included revision local documents (.. laws, norms, procedures, sanitary requirements gazettes, ) target markets (China, European Union, Japan, Switzerland United States America) identify measures applicable identified HS codes. , NTMs company survey national workshops export countries, UNCTAD identified challenging NTMs constraints affecting companies sectors exporting/importing sustainably produced biodiversity- based products. results published semester 2017 include: NTMs factsheets target markets online NTMs database. Target 4 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Raise awareness business policy actors working levels sustainable biodiversity, publications IV BioTrade Congress (http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233). addition, capacity building development methodologies include sustainable practices chains sourcing processes, business practices promoting enabling environment fosters sustainable consumption biodiversity. ( 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets.) Strategic goal UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Support sustainable biodiversity selected chains. Development guidelines, compilation practices materials support sustainable biodiversity private sector, government biodiversity practitioners. Target 5 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies, practices methodologies conserve sustainably biodiversity developed, include, instance, implementation UNCTAD guidelines management plans (2008) resource assessments (2012) -timber forest products SMEs transnational companies. Examples flora management guidelines implemented Kosovo, sustainable sourcing programmes Sri Lanka, Colombia traceability systems Peru documented 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets. Target 7 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies, practices methodologies conserve sustainably biodiversity developed UNCTAD partners. ( Annex 1 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets.) Target 9 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: BioTrade promotes native species, marginal information species promoted BioTrade partners. Target 10 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: 2015–2016, UNCTAD launched publications linkages biodiversity climate change, () Climate change, biodiversity livelihoods (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/3); () Training manual developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/1). 30 Strategic goals Aichi Targets UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative contribution 2015–2016 Strategic goal UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative Support development initiatives sustainably trade products ecosystems services (sustainable tourism) ecosystem, adaptive livelihood approach. ( 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets, websites IV BioTrade Congress, .. http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233, UNCTAD BioTrade partners.) Target 11 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: BioTrade Initiative promote establishment protected areas, close link BioTrade products services, conservation areas buffer zones. Practical examples developed BioTrade partners buffer zones, protected areas sustainable ecosystem services communitarian ecotourism Colombian Natural parks. ( 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets.) Target 12 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Jointly CITES, selected CITES Management Scientific Authorities national BioTrade counterparts, UNCTAD supporting inclusion sustainable practices CITES species biodiversity chains, developing technical studies, toolkits guidelines selected species. , UNCTAD, collaboration CITES Secretariat, developed traceability studies. covers ornamental plants Latin America emphasis Andean Region. covers medicinal plants Greater Mekong subregion. UNCTAD studies provide analysis traceability systems tool strengthen existing CITES processes (legal acquisition findings -detriment findings) - timber plant species countries species: • Ornamental plants (Cycadaceae, Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae Euphorbiacecae) Andean countries (Plurinational State Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador Peru) selected Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama Bolivarian Republic Venezuela); • Medicinal plants (Aquilaria crassna – agarwood, Gastrodia elata Dendrobium nobile) Asian region emphasis Greater Mekong subregion countries: Cambodia, China, Lao People’ Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand Viet Nam. addition key findings, studies provide generic principles traceability CITES-listed species, capacity-building actors implement traceability system, outline analysis key issues traceability frameworks CITES-listed -timber plant species recommendations traceability systems implemented. Finally, technical summary traceability systems medicinal ornamental plants . important note studies potential internationally accepted traceability methodologies strategies, adapted species countries studied. information, : Applicability traceability systems CITES-listed medicinal ornamental plants (Appendices II III) – Preliminary assessment: key findings (UNCTAD/DITC/ TED/2016/5) compiles results studies, studies: () Applicability traceability systems CITES-listed ornamental plants (Appendices II III) – Andean Latin American countries: Preliminary assessment ( UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2016/8); () Applicability traceability systems CITES-listed medicinal plants (Appendices II III) – Greater Mekong: Preliminary assessment ( UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2016/7). Target 13 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies methodologies sustainable production practices initiatives domesticated species selected chains supported BioTrade partners. ( Annex 1 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets). Strategic goal UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative Provide methodologies guidelines guarantee distribution benefits linked sustainable biodiversity (species ecosystems). Document lessons learned successful case studies demonstrate benefits generated. ( 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets websites IV BioTrade Congress, .. http://unctad.org/en/pages/ MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233, UNCTAD BioTrade partners.) Target 14 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies, manuals documents work implemented selected chains BioTrade beneficiaries, document implementation conservation sustainable practices ecosystem approach, promoting integrating management landscapes/ecosystems. , information BioTrade impact assessment system demonstrate actors contributing target. 31 Strategic goals Aichi Targets UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative contribution 2015–2016 Target 15 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Focus work, time , BioTrade REDD+ projects, implementing activities public private actors raise awareness linkages develop training material (including workshops -learning BioTrade REDD+). , documents relevant target : • Climate change, biodiversity livelihoods (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/3). • Training manual developing joint BioTrade REDD+ projects (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/1). • Strengthening capacity integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies Colombia (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2014/5). • Strengthening capacity integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies Ecuador (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2015/2). Target 16 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: UNCTAD, BTFP III support Secretariat CBD, contributed advancement Aichi Target 16 SDG 15.6 expanding understanding mapping policy options aspects implementation Nagoya Protocol ABS BioTrade. produced scoping paper entitled “Facilitating BioTrade challenging access benefit sharing environment” organized training workshops “Interphase BioTrade implementation Nagoya Protocol ABS regimes” national level Peru Viet Nam cooperation CBD 2016. information workshops www.unctad.org/biotrade UNCTAD produced publications facilitating ABS benefit sharing rules BioTrade: • Facilitating BioTrade challenging access benefit sharing environment (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/ TED/2016/4). • UNCTAD study facilitating ABS benefit sharing rules BioTrade Viet Nam (UNCTAD/WEB/ DITC/TED/2016/9). Strategic goal UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative Case studies, technical studies information support implementation NBSAPs RBSAPs BioTrade partners practitioners. Funding international cooperation private sector channelled specific chains. ( 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets websites IV BioTrade Congress, .. http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233, UNCTAD BioTrade partners.) Target 17 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: NBSAPs web forum jointly organized UNEP UNCTAD “Clarifying BioTrade ABS – countries avoid developing national ABS regimes” 18 October 2016 (: http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1225). Target 18 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies publications support target, developed UNCTAD partners, management plans guideline BT &. Target 19 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: Case studies information trade income generated biodiversity BioTrade practitioners shown 20 years BioTrade: Connecting people, planet markets websites IV BioTrade Congress, .. http://unctad.org/en/ pages/MeetingDetails.aspxmeetingid=1233, UNCTAD BioTrade partners. Target 20 UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: UNCTAD BioTrade support mobilization funding private actors specific chains, international cooperation -traditional environmental actors. Source: UNCTAD, 2016. UNCTAD updates contribution supporting achievement Aichi Biodiversity Targets established CBD Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 (COP decision /2) biennium 2015–2016. 32 ANNEX 2: CBD COP 13 OUTCOMES UNCTAD’ work BioTrade considered Decisions related CBD COP 13 meeting Parties Nagoya Protocol, notes prepared Executive Secretary. shown . CBD COP 13 decisions Decision XIII/237 capacity building, technical scientific cooperation, technology transfer clearing-house mechanism, annex related Agenda item 12 short-term action plan (2017–2020) enhance support capacity building implementation convention protocols. decision considers UNCTAD partner cross- cutting capacity-building support activities, tools services implemented /coordinated Secretariat. Decision XIII/24 §188 cooperation conventions international organizations Agenda item 13, UNCTAD considered organizations work close collaboration Biodiversity Liaison Group strength work related synergies biodiversity-related conventions Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011–2020 respective follow strategic plan. Decisions meeting Par- ties Nagoya Protocol Decision 2/8 §29 measures assist capacity building capacity development related support implementation strategic framework effective implementation Nagoya Protocol. Similar , UNCTAD considered partner enhance capacity Parties implementation Nagoya Protocol. Notes Executive Secretary ( meeting Parties Nagoya Protocol) NP 2/6 2§,10 item , cooperation conventions, international organizations initiatives, express continued cooperation UNCTAD “ issues related implementation Nagoya Protocol intersessional period” collaborative work peer review publications developed UNCTAD: • Facilitating BioTrade challenging access benefit sharing environment. • Guide BioTrade ABS policymakers regulators: concept practice.11 NP 2/6 26§ mentions video presentations main features Nagoya Protocol status implementation Secretariat CBD contribution workshops organized UNCTAD intersection Nagoya Protocol, ABS BioTrade, Hanoi June 2016 Lima September 2016. NP 2/INF/712 overview ABS capacity- building tools resources, -mentioned UNCTAD publications listed table (4) tools resources primarily focused providing technical guidance ABS. 7 https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/-13/-13- dec-23-en.doc 8 https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/-13/-13- dec-24-en.doc 9 https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/np-mop-02/np- mop-02-dec-08-en.pdf 10 https://www.cbd.int/kb/record/meetingDocument/110 554RecordType=meetingDocument 11 Forthcoming publication. 12 https://www.cbd.int/kb/record/ meetingDocument/110692 33 ANNEX 3: ACRONYMS ABS access benefit sharing BRDRs biodiversity-related disclosure requirements BT & BioTrade Principles Criteria CAF Development Bank Latin America CBD Convention Biological Diversity CITES Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora COP Conference Parties DITC Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities FSC Forest Stewardship Council EU European Union ITC International Trade Centre GEF Global Environment Facility IUCN International Union Conservation Nature NBSAPs National Biodiversity Strategies Action Plans MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MoU memorandum understanding NESS natural, effective, safe sustainable NGO -governmental organization NTMs -tariff measures PCP Python Conservation Partnership Nagoya Protocol Nagoya Protocol Access Genetic Resources Fair Equitable Sharing Benefits Arising Utilization Convention Biological Diversity PROMPERÚ Comisió de Promoció del ú para la Exportació el Turismo & research development REDD+ Reducing Emissions Deforestation Forest Degradation, conservation, sustainable management forests enhancement forest carbon stocks SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SECO State Secretariat Economic Affairs (Switzerland) SMEs small medium-sized enterprises TK traditional knowledge UEBT Union Ethical BioTrade UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference Trade Development UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 34 Working world http://unctad.org/biotrade www.biotrade.org © TO LI : TO KP IC